Which artifact indicates normal aerated lung? B-lines A-lines Ring-Down Acoustic Enhancement

The presence of lung sliding definitively rules out pneumothorax. True False

The "lung point" sign is most specific for: Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism Pneumothorax Pleural effusion

B-lines become pathologic when there are: 1-2 per intercostal space ≥3 per intercostal space 5-7 per lung zone Any vertical artifacts

Lung ultrasound can detect smaller pleural effusions than CXR. True False

The "shred sign" refers to: Irregular margins of consolidated lung Multiple B-line artifacts Pleural line disruption Comet-tail artifacts

Z-lines extend to the bottom of the screen and erase A-lines. True False

In alveolar-interstitial syndrome, B-lines are caused by: Air trapping Fluid in interlobular septa Pleural thickening Bronchial wall edema

Which finding suggests exudative effusion? Anechoic fluid Homogeneous echogenicity Septations Sinusoid sign

The best view to assess right ventricular size is: Parasternal long axis Apical 4-chamber Subxiphoid Parasternal short axis

A TAPSE <16mm indicates normal RV function. True False

The "D-sign" in parasternal short axis view indicates: LV hypertrophy Pericardial effusion Atrial septal defect RV pressure overload

In cardiac tamponade, the earliest echocardiographic finding is typically: RV diastolic collapse RA systolic collapse IVC plethora Mitral inflow variation

EPSS >7mm suggests reduced LV systolic function. True False

McConnell's sign refers to: RV apical sparing in PE Septal bounce in constriction LV thrombus formation Mitral valve prolapse

Which view best distinguishes pericardial from pleural effusion? Apical 4-chamber Parasternal long axis Subcostal Parasternal short axis

The IVC is considered non-collapsible when respiratory variation is: >50% 20-50% <20% Any visible change

Which measurement helps assess fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients? LVOT VTI IVC collapsibility TAPSE EPSS

The "seashore sign" in M-mode refers to: Pericardial effusion RV strain Normal lung sliding LV thrombus

Posterior enhancement artifact occurs because: Sound waves are absorbed Structures behind fluid appear brighter Refraction distorts the image Side lobes create false echoes

Which probe is best for vascular imaging? Curvilinear Phased array Endocavitary Linear

Which artifact creates duplicate images across reflective surfaces? Reverberation Mirroring Shadowing Ring-down

Higher frequency transducers provide better resolution but less depth penetration. True False

Which mode displays blood flow direction using color coding? B-mode M-mode Power Doppler Color Doppler

The primary purpose of the eFAST exam is to detect: Bone fractures Free fluid/pneumothorax Organ lacerations Vascular thrombosis

Morison's pouch is located between: Liver and kidney Spleen and diaphragm Bladder and uterus Heart and pericardium

Which view best evaluates the pericardium? Subxiphoid Pelvic RUQ Anterior chest

Pericardial fat can be distinguished from fluid by: Complete circumferential appearance Anechoic appearance Posterior enhancement Movement with cardiac contractions

The eFAST exam reliably detects bowel injuries. True False

Which finding suggests clotted blood? Anechoic appearance Posterior enhancement Heterogeneous echogenicity Mirror artifact

The extended FAST adds evaluation for: Retroperitoneal bleeding Pneumothorax Aortic dissection Hepatic laceration

What is considered the upper limit of normal for the abdominal aorta diameter? 2.0 cm 2.5 cm 3.0 cm 3.5 cm

The majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms are located (This information will be available in the eLearning module which is not yet complete. Give it your best shot!): Proximal to the renal arteries At the celiac trunk At the iliac bifurcation Infra-renal (below the renal arteries)

What is the most appropriate transducer type for abdominal aorta scanning in adults? High-frequency linear Low-frequency curvilinear Endocavitary Small parts probe

The "seagull sign" in aortic ultrasound refers to: The bifurcation of the iliac arteries The origin of the celiac trunk and its branches The renal arteries The superior mesenteric artery

The aorta should be measured from the outer wall to the outer wall on ultrasound. True False

Which of the following is a common pitfall that may cause underestimation of AAA size? Measuring in the sagittal plane Using a curvilinear probe Mistaking the inner rim of mural thrombus for the aortic wall Scanning only in transverse view

What is the approximate mortality rate for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm? (This information will be available in the eLearning module which is not yet complete. Give it your best shot!) 10% 25% 50% 90%